Are there infinitely many primes of the form n²+1?
The fourth of Landau's problems, and like the other three, untouched.
▸Motivation
Landau listed four problems in 1912 and called them unattackable. Goldbach, twin primes and Legendre are the other three; all four remain open.
Iwaniec proved in 1978 that infinitely many n²+1 have at most two prime factors, which is the same barrier that stops sieve methods short of twin primes. The Bateman–Horn heuristic predicts about 1.37·√x/log x of them below x.
Edmund Landau, 1912. One of his four problems.
▸Lean API
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors
namespace Conjectura.NT020
/-- The fourth of Landau's problems. Not one of the four has been solved. -/
def goal : Prop := ∀ N : ℕ, ∃ n : ℕ, N < n ∧ Nat.Prime (n ^ 2 + 1)
end Conjectura.NT020▸Definition1
▸Related work0
▸For your AI
I am proving a theorem in Lean 4 and submitting it to Conjectura.
## Problem NT020 — Are there infinitely many primes of the form n²+1?
The fourth of Landau's problems, and like the other three, untouched.
## Environment (fixed — do not assume anything newer)
- Lean toolchain: `leanprover/lean4:v4.33.0-rc1`
- Mathlib: `v4.33.0-rc1`
If a lemma you want does not exist in that Mathlib, prove it inline instead of
importing something newer.
## The exact statement I must prove
```lean
theorem solution : ∀ N : ℕ, ∃ n : ℕ, N < n ∧ Nat.Prime (n ^ 2 + 1) := by
sorry
```
## The file I submit
```lean
import Conjectura.Problems.NT020.Statement
namespace Submission
theorem solution : Conjectura.NT020.goal := by
sorry
end Submission
```
## The Lean definitions of every term in this problem
These are the actual definitions your proof will be checked against. Do not
substitute your own version of any of them.
### Prime
def
```lean
Nat.Prime
```
Defined in Mathlib.
## Rules — submissions violating these are rejected automatically
1. **Do not change the name or type of `solution`.** It must satisfy the
statement above exactly.
2. **Do not redefine or shadow anything from the problem's Statement module.**
Declaring your own `goal`, or redefining a name it depends on, produces a
proof of a *different* statement and is rejected. This is the single most
common rejection.
3. **No `sorry`** anywhere, including in helper lemmas. It surfaces as the
axiom `sorryAx` and is detected transitively through imports.
4. **No `native_decide`** — it surfaces as `Lean.ofReduceBool` and is not
accepted, because it trusts compiled code rather than the kernel.
5. Only these axioms are permitted: `propext`, `Classical.choice`,
`Quot.sound`.
6. Follow Mathlib style: hypotheses left of the colon, explicit types,
`snake_case` theorem names, `UpperCamelCase` types.
## What I want from you
Here is my argument in informal mathematics:
> [PASTE YOUR PROOF SKETCH HERE]
Turn it into Lean 4 that compiles under the environment above and satisfies the
statement exactly. Where you are unsure a lemma exists in this Mathlib version,
say so explicitly rather than guessing a name.Submissions are not open yet
Conjectura is in beta. You can read every statement, every definition and the Lean behind them, and download the exact files the checker uses — but proofs are not being accepted yet.
The reason is a deliberate order of operations. Accepting a proof means running a stranger’s code and standing behind a verdict, and no statement here yet carries a researcher’s name. A machine-checked answer to a question nobody has vouched for is worth very little, so the vouching comes first.
The English write-ups are also switched off during the beta. Nothing on this page is generated by a model.
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