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Is every even number the sum of two primes?

Maintainer — open

4 = 2+2, 6 = 3+3, 8 = 3+5. Checked past 4·10^18, unproved since 1742.

Motivation

Goldbach's letter to Euler, 1742. The weak version — every odd number above 5 is a sum of three primes — was settled by Harald Helfgott in 2013, but the binary case is untouched by that method.

Vinogradov's 1937 result gives the three-prime version for sufficiently large numbers, and Chen Jingrun proved in 1973 that every large even number is a prime plus a product of at most two primes. The gap from there to two primes is the parity problem again.

Christian Goldbach to Euler, 1742.

Lean API
import Conjectura.Statements.Mathematics.NumberTheory.GoldbachConjecture

namespace Conjectura.NT005

/-- Is every even number greater than two a sum of two primes? -/
def goal : Prop := Conjectura.NumberTheory.GoldbachConjectureProp

end Conjectura.NT005
Definition3
Goldbach conjectureConjectura.NumberTheory.GoldbachConjectureProp

The Goldbach conjecture: every even number greater than two is a sum of two primes.

def GoldbachConjectureProp : Prop :=
  ∀ n : ℕ, 2 < n → Even n → ∃ p q : ℕ, p.Prime ∧ q.Prime ∧ n = p + q
EvenEven

def

Primep.Prime

def

Related work2
For your AI
Download as .md
I am proving a theorem in Lean 4 and submitting it to Conjectura.

## Problem NT005 — Is every even number the sum of two primes?

4 = 2+2, 6 = 3+3, 8 = 3+5. Checked past 4·10^18, unproved since 1742.

## Environment (fixed — do not assume anything newer)

- Lean toolchain: `leanprover/lean4:v4.33.0-rc1`
- Mathlib: `v4.33.0-rc1`

If a lemma you want does not exist in that Mathlib, prove it inline instead of
importing something newer.

## The exact statement I must prove

```lean
theorem solution : GoldbachConjectureProp := by
  sorry
```

## The file I submit

```lean
import Conjectura.Problems.NT005.Statement

namespace Submission

theorem solution : Conjectura.NT005.goal := by
  sorry

end Submission

```

## The Lean definitions of every term in this problem

These are the actual definitions your proof will be checked against. Do not
substitute your own version of any of them.

### Goldbach conjecture

The Goldbach conjecture: every even number greater than two is a sum of two primes.

```lean
Conjectura.NumberTheory.GoldbachConjectureProp
-- unfolds to:
def GoldbachConjectureProp : Prop :=
  ∀ n : ℕ, 2 < n → Even n → ∃ p q : ℕ, p.Prime ∧ q.Prime ∧ n = p + q
```
Defined in this corpus.

### Even

def

```lean
Even
```
Defined in Mathlib.

### Prime

def

```lean
p.Prime
```
Defined in Mathlib.

## Rules — submissions violating these are rejected automatically

1. **Do not change the name or type of `solution`.** It must satisfy the
   statement above exactly.
2. **Do not redefine or shadow anything from the problem's Statement module.**
   Declaring your own `goal`, or redefining a name it depends on, produces a
   proof of a *different* statement and is rejected. This is the single most
   common rejection.
3. **No `sorry`** anywhere, including in helper lemmas. It surfaces as the
   axiom `sorryAx` and is detected transitively through imports.
4. **No `native_decide`** — it surfaces as `Lean.ofReduceBool` and is not
   accepted, because it trusts compiled code rather than the kernel.
5. Only these axioms are permitted: `propext`, `Classical.choice`,
   `Quot.sound`.
6. Follow Mathlib style: hypotheses left of the colon, explicit types,
   `snake_case` theorem names, `UpperCamelCase` types.

## What I want from you

Here is my argument in informal mathematics:

> [PASTE YOUR PROOF SKETCH HERE]

Turn it into Lean 4 that compiles under the environment above and satisfies the
statement exactly. Where you are unsure a lemma exists in this Mathlib version,
say so explicitly rather than guessing a name.

Submissions are not open yet

Conjectura is in beta. You can read every statement, every definition and the Lean behind them, and download the exact files the checker uses — but proofs are not being accepted yet.

The reason is a deliberate order of operations. Accepting a proof means running a stranger’s code and standing behind a verdict, and no statement here yet carries a researcher’s name. A machine-checked answer to a question nobody has vouched for is worth very little, so the vouching comes first.

The English write-ups are also switched off during the beta. Nothing on this page is generated by a model.

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