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← problemsCX003openTheoretical computer science/ Learning theory

Do the two definitions of finite VC dimension agree?

Maintainer — open

A bridge between the corpus's two ways of saying a concept class has bounded shattering.

Motivation

The library states finiteness of VC dimension in two ways: HasFiniteVCDim, a uniform bound on shattered sets, and vcDim ≠ ⊤, a supremum in the extended naturals. They should be equivalent.

This is a formalization target rather than a research question, and it is here for a specific reason: two definitions of the same thing that have never been proved equal are exactly the kind of quiet inconsistency a corpus accumulates. Proving it closes that gap; failing to would mean one of them is wrong.

Internal to this corpus. Definitions adapted from cslib.

Lean API
import Conjectura.Defs.ComputerScience.Learning.HasFiniteVCDim
import Conjectura.Defs.ComputerScience.Learning.VCDimension

namespace Conjectura.CX003

/-- Is a class of finite VC dimension shattered by no set larger than that dimension?
The definitional direction is immediate; the content is that `vcDim` and
`HasFiniteVCDim` agree, which is the bridge between the two ways the corpus states
finiteness. A formalization target rather than an open question. -/
def goal : Prop :=
  ∀ (α : Type) (C : ConceptClass α Bool),
    HasFiniteVCDim C ↔ vcDim C ≠ ⊤

end Conjectura.CX003
Definition8
concept classConjectura.Learning.ConceptClass

A concept class over a domain α with labels in β is a set of functions α → β — the hypotheses a learner is allowed to consider. For binary labels it is equivalently a family of subsets of α.

abbrev ConceptClass (α β : Type*) := Set (α → β)
finite VC dimensionConjectura.Learning.HasFiniteVCDim

A class has finite VC dimension when some n bounds the size of every set it Shatters. By the fundamental theorem of statistical learning this is equivalent to being PAC learnable in the binary agnostic setting.

def HasFiniteVCDim {α : Type*} (C : ConceptClass α Bool) : Prop :=
  ∃ n : ℕ, ∀ W : Finset α, Shatters C (W : Set α) → W.card ≤ n
shattersConjectura.Learning.Shatters

A binary concept class shatters a set when every one of its subsets is cut out by some concept — the class can realise every possible labelling of those points.

def Shatters {α : Type*} (C : ConceptClass α Bool) (W : Set α) : Prop :=
  ∀ W' ⊆ W, ∃ c ∈ C, ∀ x ∈ W, (c x = true ↔ x ∈ W')
Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimensionConjectura.Learning.vcDim

The Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension of a binary concept class is the largest size of a set it Shatters. It is the combinatorial quantity that controls how much data is needed to learn the class.

noncomputable def vcDim {α : Type*} (C : ConceptClass α Bool) : ENat :=
  ⨆ W ∈ {W : Finset α | Shatters C (W : Set α)}, (W.card : ENat)
SetSet

abbrev

FinsetFinset

structure

cardW.card

theorem

ENatENat

def

Related work0
    For your AI
    Download as .md
    I am proving a theorem in Lean 4 and submitting it to Conjectura.
    
    ## Problem CX003 — Do the two definitions of finite VC dimension agree?
    
    A bridge between the corpus's two ways of saying a concept class has bounded shattering.
    
    ## Environment (fixed — do not assume anything newer)
    
    - Lean toolchain: `leanprover/lean4:v4.33.0-rc1`
    - Mathlib: `v4.33.0-rc1`
    
    If a lemma you want does not exist in that Mathlib, prove it inline instead of
    importing something newer.
    
    ## The exact statement I must prove
    
    ```lean
    theorem solution : ∀ (α : Type) (C : ConceptClass α Bool), HasFiniteVCDim C ↔ vcDim C ≠ ⊤ := by
      sorry
    ```
    
    ## The file I submit
    
    ```lean
    import Conjectura.Problems.CX003.Statement
    
    namespace Submission
    
    theorem solution : Conjectura.CX003.goal := by
      sorry
    
    end Submission
    
    ```
    
    ## The Lean definitions of every term in this problem
    
    These are the actual definitions your proof will be checked against. Do not
    substitute your own version of any of them.
    
    ### concept class
    
    A concept class over a domain `α` with labels in `β` is a set of functions `α → β` — the hypotheses a learner is allowed to consider. For binary labels it is equivalently a family of subsets of `α`.
    
    ```lean
    Conjectura.Learning.ConceptClass
    -- unfolds to:
    abbrev ConceptClass (α β : Type*) := Set (α → β)
    ```
    Defined in this corpus.
    
    ### finite VC dimension
    
    A class has finite VC dimension when some `n` bounds the size of every set it `Shatters`. By the fundamental theorem of statistical learning this is equivalent to being PAC learnable in the binary agnostic setting.
    
    ```lean
    Conjectura.Learning.HasFiniteVCDim
    -- unfolds to:
    def HasFiniteVCDim {α : Type*} (C : ConceptClass α Bool) : Prop :=
      ∃ n : ℕ, ∀ W : Finset α, Shatters C (W : Set α) → W.card ≤ n
    ```
    Defined in this corpus.
    
    ### shatters
    
    A binary concept class shatters a set when every one of its subsets is cut out by some concept — the class can realise every possible labelling of those points.
    
    ```lean
    Conjectura.Learning.Shatters
    -- unfolds to:
    def Shatters {α : Type*} (C : ConceptClass α Bool) (W : Set α) : Prop :=
      ∀ W' ⊆ W, ∃ c ∈ C, ∀ x ∈ W, (c x = true ↔ x ∈ W')
    ```
    Defined in this corpus.
    
    ### Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension
    
    The Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension of a binary concept class is the largest size of a set it `Shatters`. It is the combinatorial quantity that controls how much data is needed to learn the class.
    
    ```lean
    Conjectura.Learning.vcDim
    -- unfolds to:
    noncomputable def vcDim {α : Type*} (C : ConceptClass α Bool) : ENat :=
      ⨆ W ∈ {W : Finset α | Shatters C (W : Set α)}, (W.card : ENat)
    ```
    Defined in this corpus.
    
    ### Set
    
    abbrev
    
    ```lean
    Set
    ```
    Defined in Mathlib.
    
    ### Finset
    
    structure
    
    ```lean
    Finset
    ```
    Defined in Mathlib.
    
    ### card
    
    theorem
    
    ```lean
    W.card
    ```
    Defined in Mathlib.
    
    ### ENat
    
    def
    
    ```lean
    ENat
    ```
    Defined in Mathlib.
    
    ## Rules — submissions violating these are rejected automatically
    
    1. **Do not change the name or type of `solution`.** It must satisfy the
       statement above exactly.
    2. **Do not redefine or shadow anything from the problem's Statement module.**
       Declaring your own `goal`, or redefining a name it depends on, produces a
       proof of a *different* statement and is rejected. This is the single most
       common rejection.
    3. **No `sorry`** anywhere, including in helper lemmas. It surfaces as the
       axiom `sorryAx` and is detected transitively through imports.
    4. **No `native_decide`** — it surfaces as `Lean.ofReduceBool` and is not
       accepted, because it trusts compiled code rather than the kernel.
    5. Only these axioms are permitted: `propext`, `Classical.choice`,
       `Quot.sound`.
    6. Follow Mathlib style: hypotheses left of the colon, explicit types,
       `snake_case` theorem names, `UpperCamelCase` types.
    
    ## What I want from you
    
    Here is my argument in informal mathematics:
    
    > [PASTE YOUR PROOF SKETCH HERE]
    
    Turn it into Lean 4 that compiles under the environment above and satisfies the
    statement exactly. Where you are unsure a lemma exists in this Mathlib version,
    say so explicitly rather than guessing a name.

    Submissions are not open yet

    Conjectura is in beta. You can read every statement, every definition and the Lean behind them, and download the exact files the checker uses — but proofs are not being accepted yet.

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    The English write-ups are also switched off during the beta. Nothing on this page is generated by a model.

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